1/23/2024 0 Comments Element cl name36Cl has seen use in other areas of the geological sciences, including dating ice and sediments. Thus, as an event marker of 1950s water in soil and ground water, 36Cl is also useful for dating waters less than 50 years before the present. The residence time of 36Cl in the atmosphere is about 1 week. Additionally, large amounts of 36Cl were produced by irradiation of seawater during atmospheric detonations of nuclear weapons between 19. The half-life of this hydrophilic nonreactive isotope makes it suitable for geologic dating in the range of 60,000 to 1 million years. 36Cl decays to 36S and to 36Ar, with a combined half-life of 308,000 years. In the subsurface environment, 36Cl is generated primarily as a result of neutron capture by 35Cl or muon capture by 40Ca. 36Cl is produced in the atmosphere by spallation of 36Ar by interactions with cosmic ray protons. Trace amounts of radioactive 36Cl exist in the environment, in a ratio of about 7x10 −13 to 1 with stable isotopes. There are two principal stable isotopes, 35Cl (75.77%) and 37Cl (24.23%), giving chlorine atoms in bulk an apparent atomic weight of 35.4527 g/mol. As the chloride ion, Cl-, it is also the most abundant dissolved ion in ocean water.Ĭhlorine has isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 32 to 40. With metals, it forms salts called chlorides. At 10 ☌ and atmospheric pressure, one liter of water dissolves 3.10 L of gaseous chlorine, and at 30 ☌, 1 L of water dissolves only 1.77 liters of chlorine.Ĭhlorine is a member of the salt-forming halogen series and is extracted from chlorides through oxidation often by electrolysis. Pure chlorine gas does, however, support combustion of organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, although the carbon component tends to burn incompletely, with much of it remaining as soot. Chlorine, though very reactive, is not as extremely reactive as fluorine. It combines readily with nearly all elements.Ĭompounds with oxygen, nitrogen, xenon, and krypton are known, but do not form by direct reaction of the elements. The bonding between the two atoms is relatively weak (only of 242.580 ☐.004 kJ/mol) which makes the Cl 2 molecule highly reactive.Īlong with fluorine, bromine, iodine and astatine, chlorine is a member of the halogen series that forms the group 17 of the periodic table - the most reactive group of elements. This is a pale yellow-green gas that has its distinctive strong smell, the smell of bleach. In the upper atmosphere, chlorine-containing molecules have been implicated in the destruction of the ozone layer.Īt standard temperature and pressure, two chlorine atoms form the diatomic molecule Cl 2. As a common disinfectant, chlorine compounds are used in swimming pools to keep them clean and sanitary. Chlorine is a powerful oxidant and is used in bleaching and disinfectants. In its common elemental form (Cl 2 or "dichlorine") under standard conditions. As the chloride ion, which is part of common salt and other compounds, it is abundant in nature and necessary to most forms of life, including humans. It is a halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17 (formerly VII, VIIa, or VIIb). Chlorine is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl.
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